Health A to Z
A
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening
- Acanthosis nigricans
- Achalasia
- Acid and chemical burns
- Acne
- Acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma)
- Acromegaly
- Actinic keratoses (solar keratoses)
- Actinomycosis
- Acupuncture
- Acute cholecystitis
- Acute kidney injury
- Acute myeloid leukaemia
- Acute pancreatitis
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- Addison's disease
- Adenoidectomy
- Adenomyosis
- ADHD in adults
- ADHD in children and young people
- Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
- Albinism
- Alcohol misuse
- Alcohol poisoning
- Alcohol-related liver disease
- Alexander technique
- Allergic rhinitis
- Allergies
- Altitude sickness
- Alzheimer's disease
- Amniocentesis
- Amputation
- Amyloidosis
- Anal cancer
- Anal fissure
- Anal fistula
- Anal pain
- Anaphylaxis
- Androgen insensitivity syndrome
- Angelman syndrome
- Angina
- Angioedema
- Angiography
- Animal and human bites
- Ankle pain
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Anorexia nervosa
- Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
- Aphasia
- Appendicitis
- Arthritis
- Arthroscopy
- Asbestosis
- Aspergillosis
- Asthma
- Astigmatism
- Ataxia
- Atherosclerosis
- Athlete's foot
- Atopic eczema
- Atrial fibrillation
- Auditory processing disorder (APD)
- Autism
- Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
- Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
B
- Back pain
- Bacterial vaginosis
- Bad breath
- Baker's cyst
- Balanitis
- Bartholin's cyst
- Bedbugs
- Bedwetting in children
- Behçet's disease
- Bell's palsy
- Biopsy
- Bipolar disorder
- Bird flu
- Birthmarks
- Black eye
- Bladder pain syndrome (interstitial cystitis)
- Bladder stones
- Bleeding from the bottom (rectal bleeding)
- Blepharitis
- Blisters
- Bloating
- Blood in semen
- Blood in urine
- Blood pressure test
- Blood tests
- Blood transfusion
- Blue or grey skin or lips (cyanosis)
- Blushing
- Body odour (BO)
- Boils
- Bone cyst
- Bone density scan (DEXA scan)
- Botulism
- Bowel cancer screening
- Bowel incontinence
- Bowel polyps
- Bowen's disease
- Brain abscess
- Brain aneurysm
- Brain tumours
- Breast abscess
- Breast cancer in women
- Breast enlargement (implants)
- Breast lumps
- Breast pain
- Breast reduction (female)
- Breast reduction (male)
- Breast screening (mammogram)
- Breath-holding in babies and children
- Broken ankle
- Broken arm or wrist
- Broken collarbone
- Broken finger or thumb
- Broken hip
- Broken leg
- Broken nose
- Broken or bruised ribs
- Broken toe
- Bronchiectasis
- Bronchiolitis
- Bronchitis
- Brucellosis
- Brugada syndrome
- Bulging eyes (exophthalmos)
- Bulimia
- Bullous pemphigoid
- Bunions
- Burns and scalds
- Bursitis
C
- Caesarean section
- Cancer
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Cardiac catheterisation and coronary angiography
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cardiovascular disease
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Cataract surgery
- Cataracts in adults
- Catarrh
- Causes
- Cavernoma
- Cellulitis
- Cerebral palsy
- Cervical spondylosis
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
- Charles Bonnet syndrome
- Chemotherapy
- Chest infection
- Chest pain
- Chiari malformation
- Chickenpox
- Chilblains
- Childhood cataracts
- Chipped, broken or cracked tooth
- Chiropractic
- Chlamydia
- Cholera
- Cholesteatoma
- Chorionic villus sampling
- Chronic kidney disease
- Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Chronic pancreatitis
- Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
- Circumcision in boys
- Circumcision in men
- Cirrhosis
- Claustrophobia
- Cleft lip and palate
- Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) infection
- Club foot
- Cluster headaches
- Coeliac disease
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
- Cold sores
- Colic
- Colonoscopy
- Colour vision deficiency (colour blindness)
- Colposcopy
- Common cold
- Compartment syndrome
- Complex regional pain syndrome
- Complications of a carotid endarterectomy
- Congenital heart disease
- Conjunctivitis
- Constipation
- Contact dermatitis
- Continuous glucose monitoring and hybrid closed loop for diabetes
- Cornea transplant
- Corns and calluses
- Coronary angioplasty and stent insertion
- Coronary artery bypass graft
- Coronary heart disease
- Corticobasal degeneration
- Costochondritis
- Cough
- Coughing up blood (blood in phlegm)
- Counselling
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 rapid lateral flow test
- Cradle cap
- Craniosynostosis
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- Crohn's disease
- Croup
- CT scan
- Cushing's syndrome
- Cuts and grazes
- Cyclical vomiting syndrome
- Cyclospora
- Cyclothymia
- Cystic fibrosis
- Cystitis
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
D
- Dandruff
- Deafblindness
- Dehydration
- Dementia with Lewy bodies
- Dengue
- Dental abscess
- Dentures (false teeth)
- Depression in adults
- Depression in pregnancy
- Detached retina (retinal detachment)
- Developmental co-ordination disorder (dyspraxia) in children
- Developmental dysplasia of the hip
- Diabetes
- Diabetes insipidus
- Diabetic eye screening
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Diarrhoea and vomiting
- Differences in sex development
- DiGeorge syndrome (22q11 deletion)
- Diphtheria
- Discoid eczema
- Dislocated kneecap
- Dislocated shoulder
- Diverticular disease and diverticulitis
- Dizziness
- Double vision
- Down's syndrome
- Dry eyes
- Dry mouth
- Dupuytren's contracture
- DVT (deep vein thrombosis)
- Dysarthria (difficulty speaking)
- Dysentery
- Dyslexia
- Dysphagia (swallowing problems)
- Dyspraxia (developmental co-ordination disorder) in adults
- Dystonia
E
- Ear correction surgery, including ear pinning
- Ear infections
- Earache
- Early or delayed puberty
- Early or premature menopause
- Earwax build-up
- Ebola virus disease
- Echocardiogram
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Ectropion
- Edwards' syndrome (trisomy 18)
- Ehlers-Danlos syndromes
- Elbow and arm pain
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Electroencephalogram (EEG)
- Electrolyte test
- Encephalitis
- Endocarditis
- Endometriosis
- Enlarged prostate
- Epidermolysis bullosa
- Epididymitis
- Epidural
- Epiglottitis
- Epilepsy
- Erectile dysfunction (impotence)
- Erythema multiforme
- Erythema nodosum
- Erythrocytosis
- Erythromelalgia
- Excessive daytime sleepiness (hypersomnia)
- Excessive hair growth (hirsutism)
- Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis)
- Excessive thirst
- Eye cancer
- Eye injuries
- Eye tests for children
- Eyelid problems
- Eyelid surgery
F
- Fabricated or induced illness
- Facelift (rhytidectomy)
- Fainting
- Falls
- Farting (flatulence)
- Febrile seizures
- Feeling sick (nausea)
- Femoral hernia repair
- Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
- Fibroids
- Fibromyalgia
- Finger pain
- Flat feet
- Floaters and flashes in the eyes
- Flu
- Food allergy
- Food intolerance
- Food poisoning
- Foot drop
- Frontotemporal dementia
- Frostbite
- Frozen shoulder
- Fungal nail infection
G
- Gallbladder cancer
- Gallstones
- Ganglion cyst
- Gangrene
- Gastritis
- Gastroparesis
- Gastroscopy
- Gender dysphoria
- General anaesthetic
- Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)
- Genetic and genomic testing
- Genetic tests to check your cancer risk
- Genital herpes
- Genital warts
- Gestational diabetes
- Giardiasis
- Gilbert's syndrome
- Glandular fever
- Glaucoma
- Glomerulonephritis
- Glue ear
- Goitre
- Gonorrhoea
- Gout
- Granuloma annulare
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
- Group B strep
- Growing pains
- Guillain-Barré syndrome
- Gum disease
- Gynaecomastia
H
- Haemochromatosis
- Haemophilia
- Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
- Hair dye reactions
- Hair loss
- Hair transplant
- Hallucinations and hearing voices
- Hamstring injury
- Hand tendon repair
- Hand, foot and mouth disease
- Hay fever
- Head injury and concussion
- Head lice and nits
- Headaches
- Health anxiety
- Hearing loss
- Hearing tests
- Heart attack
- Heart block
- Heart failure
- Heart palpitations
- Heart rhythm problems (arrhythmia)
- Heart valve disease
- Heart valve replacement
- Heartburn and acid reflux
- Heat exhaustion and heatstroke
- Heat rash (prickly heat)
- Heavy periods
- Heel pain
- Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)
- Hepatitis
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)
- Hereditary spastic paraplegia
- Hernia
- Herpes simplex eye infections
- Herpetic whitlow (whitlow finger)
- Hiatus hernia
- Hiccups
- Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)
- High blood pressure
- High blood sugar (hyperglycaemia)
- High cholesterol
- High temperature (fever) in adults
- High temperature (fever) in children
- Hip pain in adults
- Hip pain in children (irritable hip)
- Hirschsprung's disease
- HIV and AIDS
- Hives
- Hoarding disorder
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Home oxygen therapy
- How a carotid endarterectomy is done
- Human papillomavirus (HPV)
- Huntington's disease
- Hydrocephalus
- Hydronephrosis
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hypnotherapy
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Hypothermia
- Hysterectomy
- Hysteroscopy
I
- Ichthyosis
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- Impetigo
- Indigestion
- Infected piercings
- Infertility
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Ingrown hairs
- Ingrown toenail
- Inguinal hernia repair
- Insect bites and stings
- Insomnia
- Intracranial hypertension
- Intrauterine insemination (IUI)
- Iron deficiency anaemia
- Irregular periods
- Itchy bottom
- Itchy skin
- IVF
J
K
L
- Labial fusion
- Labiaplasty (vulval surgery)
- Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis
- Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test
- Lactose intolerance
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
- Laparoscopy (keyhole surgery)
- Laryngitis
- Laser eye surgery and lens surgery
- Lazy eye
- Leg cramps
- Legionnaires' disease
- Leptospirosis (Weil's disease)
- Leukoplakia
- Lichen planus
- Lichen sclerosus
- Limping in children
- Lipoedema
- Lipoma
- Liposuction
- Listeriosis
- Liver disease
- Local anaesthesia
- Long COVID
- Long QT syndrome
- Long-sightedness
- Lost or changed sense of smell
- Low blood pressure (hypotension)
- Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)
- Low sex drive (loss of libido)
- Low sperm count
- Low white blood cell count
- Lumbar decompression surgery
- Lumbar puncture
- Lumps
- Lung cancer
- Lung cancer screening
- Lupus
- Lyme disease
- Lymphoedema
M
- Macular hole
- Magnesium test
- Malaria
- Mallet finger
- Malnutrition
- Marfan syndrome
- Mastectomy
- Mastitis
- Mastocytosis
- Mastoiditis
- Measles
- Melanoma skin cancer
- Memory loss (amnesia)
- Meningitis
- Meniscus tear (knee cartilage damage)
- Menopause
- Mesothelioma
- Metabolic syndrome
- Metallic taste
- Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
- Migraine
- Miscarriage
- Missed or late periods
- Molar pregnancy
- Moles
- Molluscum contagiosum
- Morton's neuroma
- Motion sickness
- Motor neurone disease (MND)
- Mouth cancer
- Mouth ulcers
- Mpox
- MRI scan
- MRSA
- Mucositis
- Multiple sclerosis
- Multiple system atrophy (MSA)
- Mumps
- Muscular dystrophy
- Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)
- Myasthenia gravis
- Myositis
- Ménière's disease
N
- Nail problems
- Nappy rash
- Narcolepsy
- Nasal polyps
- Nasopharyngeal cancer
- Neck pain
- Necrotising fasciitis
- Neonatal herpes (herpes in a baby)
- Nephrotic syndrome in children
- Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)
- Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)
- Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)
- Newborn blood spot test
- Newborn hearing screening
- Newborn jaundice
- Newborn physical examination
- Newborn respiratory distress syndrome
- Night sweats
- Night terrors and nightmares
- Nipple discharge
- Noise sensitivity (hyperacusis)
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
- Non-allergic rhinitis
- Non-cancerous (benign) brain tumours
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Noonan syndrome
- Norovirus (vomiting bug)
- Nose reshaping (rhinoplasty)
- Nosebleed
O
P
- Pacemaker implantation
- Paget's disease of bone
- Paget's disease of the nipple
- Pain in the back of the hand
- Pain in the ball of the foot
- Pain in the bottom of the foot
- Pain in the palm of the hand
- Pain in the top of the foot
- Panic disorder
- Paralysis
- Parkinson's disease
- Patau's syndrome
- Peak flow test
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Pelvic organ prolapse
- Pelvic pain
- Pemphigus vulgaris
- Penis lumps and spots
- Perforated eardrum
- Pericarditis
- Period pain
- Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Peritonitis
- Personality disorders
- PET scan
- Peyronie's disease
- Phaeochromocytoma
- Phlebitis (superficial thrombophlebitis)
- Phobias
- Phosphate test
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
- Physiotherapy
- Piles (haemorrhoids)
- Pilonidal sinus
- Pins and needles
- Pityriasis rosea
- Pityriasis versicolor
- Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly (flat head syndrome)
- Plantar fasciitis
- Plastic surgery
- Pleurisy
- PMS (premenstrual syndrome)
- Pneumonia
- Poisoning
- Polio
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Polyhydramnios (too much amniotic fluid)
- Polymorphic light eruption
- Polymyalgia rheumatica
- Pompholyx (dyshidrotic eczema)
- Post-herpetic neuralgia
- Post-polio syndrome
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
- Postmenopausal bleeding
- Postnatal depression
- Postpartum psychosis
- Postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS)
- Potassium test
- Prader-Willi syndrome
- Pre-eclampsia
- Preparing for a carotid endarterectomy
- Pressure ulcers (pressure sores)
- Priapism (painful erections)
- Primary biliary cholangitis (primary biliary cirrhosis)
- Progressive supranuclear palsy
- Prosopagnosia (face blindness)
- Prostatitis
- PSA test
- Psoriasis
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Psychiatry
- Psychotic depression
- Pubic lice
- Pudendal neuralgia
- Pulmonary embolism
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Pyoderma gangrenosum
R
- Rabies
- Radiotherapy
- Raynaud's
- Reactive arthritis
- Rectal examination
- Red blood cell count
- Red eye
- Reflux in babies
- Repetitive strain injury (RSI)
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- Respiratory tract infections (RTIs)
- Restless legs syndrome
- Restricted growth (dwarfism)
- Retinal migraine
- Rett syndrome
- Reye's syndrome
- Rhesus disease
- Rheumatic fever
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Rickets and osteomalacia
- Ringworm
- Root canal treatment
- Rosacea
- Roseola
- Rubella (german measles)
S
- Salivary gland stones
- Sarcoidosis
- Scabies
- Scarlet fever
- Scars
- Schistosomiasis (bilharzia)
- Schizophrenia
- Sciatica
- Scleroderma
- Scoliosis
- Screening for Down's syndrome, Edwards' syndrome and Patau's syndrome
- Scurvy
- Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
- Selective mutism
- Sepsis
- Septic arthritis
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Shin splints
- Shingles
- Short-sightedness (myopia)
- Shortness of breath
- Shoulder impingement
- Shoulder pain
- Sick building syndrome
- Sickle cell disease
- Silicosis
- Sinusitis (sinus infection)
- Sjögren's syndrome
- Skin abscess
- Skin cyst
- Skin picking disorder
- Skin tags
- Slapped cheek syndrome
- Sleep apnoea
- Sleep paralysis
- Sleepwalking
- Slipped disc
- Smelly feet
- Smelly urine
- Snake bites
- Snoring
- Social anxiety (social phobia)
- Soiling (child pooing their pants)
- Sore or dry lips
- Sore or white tongue
- Sore throat
- Spina bifida
- Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)
- Spirometry test
- Spleen problems and spleen removal
- Spondylolisthesis
- Sprains and strains
- Squint
- Stammering
- Staph infection
- Stem cell and bone marrow transplants
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- Stomach ache
- Stomach cancer
- Stomach ulcer
- Strep A
- Stretch marks
- Stroke
- Stye
- Subarachnoid haemorrhage
- Subdural haematoma
- Sudden confusion (delirium)
- Sunburn
- Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
- Surgical fat transfer
- Swollen ankles, feet and legs (oedema)
- Swollen arms and hands (oedema)
- Swollen glands
- Syphilis
T
- Tailbone (coccyx) pain
- Teeth grinding (bruxism)
- Teeth whitening
- Temporal arteritis
- Temporomandibular disorder (TMD)
- Tendonitis
- Tennis elbow
- TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)
- Tension headaches
- Testicle lumps and swellings
- Testicle pain
- Tetanus
- Thalassaemia
- The 'male menopause'
- Thoracic outlet syndrome
- Threadworms
- Thrombophilia
- Thrush
- Thrush in men and women
- Thumb pain
- Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)
- Tics
- Tight foreskin (phimosis)
- Tinnitus
- Tiredness and fatigue
- Toe pain
- Tongue-tie
- Tonsillitis
- Tooth decay
- Toothache
- Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin test
- Total protein test
- Tourette syndrome
- Toxic shock syndrome
- Toxocariasis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Tracheostomy
- Transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
- Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
- Tremor or shaking hands
- Trichomoniasis
- Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder)
- Trigeminal neuralgia
- Trigger finger
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Tummy tuck (abdominoplasty)
- Turner syndrome
- Twitching eyes and muscles
- Type 1 diabetes
- Typhoid fever
- Typhus
U
V
- Vaginal bleeding between periods or after sex
- Vaginal cancer
- Vaginal discharge
- Vaginal dryness
- Vaginismus
- Vaginitis
- Varicose eczema
- Varicose veins
- Vascular dementia
- Vasculitis
- Venous leg ulcer
- Vertigo
- Vision loss
- Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia
- Vitiligo
- Vomiting blood
- Von Willebrand disease
- Vulvodynia (vulval pain)