Causes of anal cancer

Main cause of anal cancer

Most anal cancers are caused by an infection called human papillomavirus (HPV).

You can get HPV from:

Who is more likely to get anal cancer

Anal cancer is rare. Most people affected by HPV will not develop cancer.

You may be more likely to get anal cancer if you:

How to reduce your risk of getting anal cancer

You cannot always prevent anal cancer. HPV vaccination is one of the best ways to protect against anal cancer.

All children aged 12 to 13 are offered the HPV vaccine. It helps protect against cancers caused by HPV, as well as genital warts.

The HPV vaccine is also recommended for other groups at higher risk of getting HPV, including:

There are also healthy changes you can make to lower your chances of getting anal cancer.

Do

  • use a condom when having sex to lower your chances of getting HPV

  • keep sex toys clean and do not share them

  • try to quit smoking

Get your symptoms checked

It's important to get any symptoms of anal cancer checked by a GP.

Anyone can get anal cancer, even if you do not think you have a higher chance of getting it.

Page last reviewed: 11 March 2024
Next review due: 11 March 2027